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Ups definition and work

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Definition of:  UPS UPS ( U ninterruptible  P ower  S upply) A device that provides battery backup when the electrical power fails or drops to an unacceptable voltage level. Small UPS systems provide power for a few minutes; enough to power down the computer in an orderly manner, while larger systems have enough battery for several hours. In mission critical datacenters, UPS systems are used for just a few minutes until electrical generators take over. UPS systems can be set up to alert file servers to shut down in an orderly manner when an outage has occurred, and the batteries are running out. Surge Suppression and Voltage Regulation A surge protector filters out surges and spikes, and a voltage regulator maintains uniform voltage during a brownout, but a UPS keeps a computer running when there is no electrical power. UPS systems typically provide surge suppression and may provide voltage regulation. See  surge suppression . Standby and Line Interactive A stan...
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Star delta starter and diagram

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                          Star delta starter                               Introduction: Most induction motors are started directly on line, but when very large motors are started that way, they cause a disturbance of voltage on the supply lines due to large starting current surges. To limit the starting current surge, large induction motors are started at reduced voltage and then have full supply voltage reconnected when they run up to near rotated speed. Two methods are used for reduction of starting voltage are star delta starting and auto transformer stating. Working Principal of Star-Delta Starter: This is the reduced voltage starting method. Voltage reduction during star-delta starting is achieved by physically reconfiguring the motor windings as illustrated in the figure below. During starting the motor windings are connected in ...
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D.O.L stater wiring diagram and definition

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Introduction: Different starting methods are employed for starting induction motors because Induction Motor draws more starting current during starting. To prevent damage to the windings due to the high starting current flow, we employ different types of starters. The simplest form of motor starter for the induction motor is the  D irect  O n  L ine starter. The DOL starter consist a MCCB or Circuit Breaker, Contactor and an overload relay for protection. Electromagnetic contactor which can be opened by the thermal overload relay under fault conditions. Typically, the contactor will be controlled by separate start and stop buttons, and an auxiliary contact on the contactor is used, across the start button, as a hold in contact. I.e. the contactor is electrically latched closed while the motor is operating. Principle of DOL:   To start, the contactor is closed, applying full line voltage to the motor windings. The motor will draw a very high inrush current ...
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